Age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over 50, impacting daily activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

Types of AMD

1. Dry AMD (Non-Neovascular)

• The most common form, accounting for about 80-90% of cases.

• Caused by the gradual breakdown of macular cells due to aging and the accumulation of drusen (yellow deposits under the retina).

• Leads to slow, progressive central vision loss.

2. Wet AMD (Neovascular)

• A less common but more severe form of AMD.

• Characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, leading to fluid leakage and scarring.

• Can cause rapid vision loss if untreated.

Symptoms of AMD

• Blurred or distorted central vision.

• Difficulty reading or seeing fine details.

• Dark or empty spots in the central field of vision.

• Colors appearing less vibrant.

• Straight lines appearing wavy (a key indicator of wet AMD).

Risk Factors

• Age: Most common in individuals over 50.

• Genetics: Family history increases risk.

• Smoking: Doubles the likelihood of developing AMD.

• Obesity & Poor Diet: Lack of antioxidants and nutrients like lutein and zeaxanthin can contribute.

• High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Disease: Affects blood flow to the retina.

• Prolonged UV Exposure: Can damage retinal cells.

Diagnosis of AMD

• Comprehensive Eye Exam: Checks for macular damage and drusen deposits.

• Amsler Grid Test: Detects vision distortions.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Provides detailed imaging of the retina.

• Fluorescein Angiography: Identifies abnormal blood vessels in wet AMD.

• How Consultdoc Can Help with AMD Management

Consultdoc provides expert eye care support, including:

• Virtual Consultations: Get expert advice on AMD symptoms and treatment options.

• Vision Health Monitoring: Track changes in your eyesight over time.

• Personalized Treatment Plans: Receive guidance on lifestyle changes, supplements, and advanced treatment options.

• Referral Services: Connect with specialists for further diagnosis and treatment.

• While AMD cannot be cured, early detection and proactive management can slow its progression and preserve vision. Regular eye check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and professional guidance from Consultdoc can help individuals with AMD maintain their quality of life.

Blepharitis

What is Blepharitis?

Blepharitis is a common inflammatory condition that affects the eyelids, causing redness, irritation, and crusting along the lash line. It can be chronic and is often associated with other skin conditions such as dandruff, rosacea, or allergies. While not contagious, blepharitis can be persistent and requires consistent management.

Types of Blepharitis

1. Anterior Blepharitis

• Affects the outer edge of the eyelid where eyelashes grow.

• Often caused by bacterial infections or seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff of the scalp and eyebrows).

2. Posterior Blepharitis

• Affects the inner edge of the eyelid, near the eye.

• Often linked to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), where oil-producing glands become clogged, leading to dryness and irritation.

Symptoms of Blepharitis

• Red, swollen, or itchy eyelids.

• Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes.

• Crusty or flaky debris at the base of the eyelashes.

• Watery or dry eyes.

• Sensitivity to light.

• A gritty feeling, as if something is in the eye.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Bacterial overgrowth on the eyelids.

• Skin conditions such as rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis.

• Dysfunction of the meibomian glands.

• Allergies, including reactions to eye makeup or contact lens solutions.

• Poor eyelid hygiene.

Diagnosis of Blepharitis

• Comprehensive Eye Exam: An eye doctor will examine the eyelids and tear film under magnification.

• Meibomian Gland Evaluation: Checks for blockages in the oil glands of the eyelids.

• Swab Test: In some cases, a sample may be taken to test for bacteria or fungi.

Management and Treatment

1. Eyelid Hygiene

• Warm Compresses: Apply a clean, warm washcloth over closed eyelids for 5-10 minutes to loosen crusts and unclog oil glands.

• Gentle Eyelid Cleansing: Use diluted baby shampoo or specialized eyelid wipes to clean the lash line.

• Avoid Rubbing the Eyes: This can worsen irritation and spread bacteria.

2. Managing Underlying Conditions

• Treat associated skin conditions such as dandruff or rosacea.

• Use artificial tears if dry eye symptoms occur.

• Avoid eye makeup until symptoms improve.

3. Lifestyle Adjustments

• Maintain good facial hygiene, including regular washing of the face and scalp.

• Replace old eye makeup and avoid sharing cosmetics.

• Reduce screen time to prevent eye strain and dryness.

How Consultdoc Can Help with Blepharitis Management

Consultdoc offers expert guidance to help manage blepharitis effectively, including:

• Virtual Consultations: Get professional advice on symptoms, hygiene routines, and treatment options.

• Personalized Eyelid Care Plans: Receive tailored recommendations for maintaining healthy eyelids.

• Symptom Monitoring: Track progress and receive follow-up support for chronic cases.

• Referral Services: Connect with eye specialists if further treatment is needed.

Blepharitis is a manageable condition with the right care and hygiene practices. Regular eyelid cleansing, warm compresses, and professional guidance from Consultdoc can help alleviate symptoms and prevent flare-ups. If you experience persistent discomfort, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment options.

Cataracts

What are Cataracts?

Cataracts are a common eye condition where the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision and, if untreated, potential vision loss. Cataracts typically develop slowly and are most commonly associated with aging, but they can also be caused by injury, certain medical conditions, or prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.

Types of Cataracts

1. Nuclear Cataracts

• Develop in the central (nuclear) portion of the lens.

• Often associated with aging.

• May initially cause a temporary improvement in near vision (“second sight”).

2. Cortical Cataracts

• Affect the outer edges (cortex) of the lens and gradually extend toward the center.

• Characterized by white, wedge-like opacities.

• Can cause glare and difficulty with night vision.

3. Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts

• Develop at the back of the lens.

• Can progress quickly and interfere with reading vision and bright light sensitivity.

• More common in people with diabetes or those taking high-dose steroids.

Symptoms of Cataracts

• Blurred, cloudy, or dim vision.

• Increased sensitivity to light and glare.

• Difficulty seeing at night.

• Fading or yellowing of colors.

• Double vision in one eye.

• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Aging: Most common cause of cataracts.

• Genetics: Family history can increase risk.

• Diabetes: Higher likelihood of cataract formation.

• Prolonged UV Exposure: Increased risk from excessive sunlight exposure.

• Smoking and Alcohol Use: Contribute to oxidative stress in the lens.

• Eye Injuries or Surgeries: Can lead to secondary cataracts.

• Long-Term Steroid Use: Associated with posterior subcapsular cataracts.

Diagnosis of Cataracts

• Comprehensive Eye Exam: Evaluates vision clarity and lens transparency.

• Slit-Lamp Examination: Uses magnified light to detect abnormalities in the eye structure.

• Retinal Exam: Checks for signs of cataract progression and other eye conditions.

• Visual Acuity Test: Measures the sharpness of vision.

Management and Treatment

1. Early-Stage Management

• Updating eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions.

• Using brighter lighting and anti-glare lenses.

• Wearing UV-protective sunglasses.

• Maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E, lutein, and zeaxanthin).

2. Cataract Surgery

• Recommended when cataracts significantly impair daily activities.

• Involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).

• Typically performed as an outpatient procedure with a high success rate.

How Consultdoc Can Help with Cataract Management

Consultdoc provides expert guidance for cataract care, including:

• Virtual Consultations: Get professional assessments and advice on cataract symptoms and treatment options.

• Pre-Surgical Evaluation: Understand when surgery is necessary and what to expect.

• Post-Surgery Care: Guidance on recovery, eye care, and follow-up support.

• Preventative Eye Health Tips: Learn how to maintain optimal eye health and slow cataract progression.

Cataracts are a treatable condition, and early detection can prevent significant vision loss. By staying informed, maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, and seeking expert guidance from Consultdoc, individuals can effectively manage cataracts and maintain good vision quality. If you experience any vision changes, consult a healthcare professional for an eye examination and appropriate care.

Chalazion

What is a Chalazion?

A chalazion is a small, painless lump or swelling that develops on the eyelid due to a blocked oil gland (meibomian gland). It is not an infection but can cause discomfort if it grows large enough to press on the eye.

Symptoms of a Chalazion

• A slow-growing, firm lump on the eyelid.

• Mild tenderness or irritation.

• Swelling or redness of the eyelid.

• Occasionally, blurred vision if the chalazion presses on the eyeball.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Blockage of the meibomian gland.

• Chronic inflammation conditions like blepharitis or rosacea.

• Poor eyelid hygiene.

• Previous history of chalazion.

Diagnosis of a Chalazion

• Physical Examination: A doctor examines the eyelid for signs of swelling or blockage.

• Medical History Review: Identifying risk factors such as chronic eyelid inflammation.

Management and Treatment

1. At-Home Care

• Warm Compresses: Apply a warm, damp cloth to the eyelid for 10-15 minutes several times a day to soften the blockage.

• Gentle Massage: Lightly massage the lump to encourage drainage.

• Proper Eyelid Hygiene: Keep the eyelids clean by using mild baby shampoo or specialized eyelid wipes.

• Avoid Squeezing or Popping: This can cause further irritation or infection.

2. Medical Treatment

• Steroid Injections: In cases of persistent swelling, a steroid injection may help reduce inflammation.

• Surgical Drainage: If the chalazion does not resolve with home treatments, a doctor may perform a minor surgical procedure to remove it.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain proper eyelid hygiene by cleaning eyelids daily.

• Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes frequently.

• Manage underlying conditions like blepharitis or rosacea.

• Replace old eye makeup and avoid sharing cosmetics.

How Consultdoc Can Help with Chalazion Management

Consultdoc offers expert advice and support for chalazion care, including:

• Virtual Consultations: Get professional guidance on chalazion symptoms and treatment options.

• Personalized Eyelid Care Plans: Receive tailored recommendations for at-home management.

• Referral Services: Connect with eye specialists for further evaluation and treatment if needed.

A chalazion is usually harmless and resolves on its own with proper care. Maintaining good eyelid hygiene and seeking timely medical advice from Consultdoc can help manage and prevent recurrent chalazions. If you experience persistent or worsening symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

Conjunctivitis

What is Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner eyelids. It can be caused by infections, allergies, or irritants and may lead to redness, discomfort, and discharge.

Types of Conjunctivitis

1. Viral Conjunctivitis

• Caused by viruses such as adenovirus.

• Highly contagious and spreads through direct or indirect contact.

• Symptoms include watery eyes, redness, and irritation.

2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis

• Caused by bacterial infections like Staphylococcus or Streptococcus.

• Symptoms include thick yellow or green discharge, eyelid swelling, and redness.

• Can be contagious and spread through contact with infected hands or objects.

3. Allergic Conjunctivitis

• Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander.

• Symptoms include itching, redness, and excessive tearing.

• Not contagious.

4. Irritant Conjunctivitis

• Caused by exposure to chemicals, smoke, or environmental irritants.

• Symptoms include redness, watery eyes, and discomfort.

• Resolves once the irritant is removed.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

• Redness in one or both eyes.

• Watery or thick discharge from the eyes.

• Itchy, burning, or gritty sensation.

• Swollen eyelids.

• Sensitivity to light.

• Crusting of the eyelids, especially in bacterial conjunctivitis.

Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis

• Eye Examination: A doctor checks for signs of infection or inflammation.

• Medical History Review: Identifying recent illnesses, allergies, or exposure to irritants.

• Lab Tests (if needed): In severe cases, a sample of eye discharge may be tested to determine the cause.

Management and Treatment

For Viral Conjunctivitis:

• Usually resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks.

• Apply cold compresses to soothe irritation.

• Maintain good hygiene to prevent spreading.

For Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

• Keep eyes clean and avoid touching them.

• Use warm compresses to loosen discharge.

• Seek medical advice if symptoms persist.

For Allergic Conjunctivitis:

• Avoid allergens and use artificial tears.

• Apply cold compresses to reduce irritation.

• Maintain indoor air quality by using air purifiers.

For Irritant Conjunctivitis:

• Flush eyes with clean water if exposed to irritants.

• Avoid rubbing the eyes to prevent further irritation.

• Remove contact lenses until symptoms subside.

Prevention Tips

• Wash hands frequently and avoid touching the eyes.

• Do not share towels, pillows, or eye makeup.

• Replace old eye cosmetics and contact lenses regularly.

• Protect eyes from allergens and environmental irritants.

How Consultdoc Can Help with Conjunctivitis Management

Consultdoc offers professional guidance for conjunctivitis, including:

• Virtual Consultations: Get expert advice on managing eye redness and irritation.

• Personalized Eye Care Plans: Receive recommendations tailored to your condition.

• Referral Services: Connect with specialists if further treatment is required.

Conjunctivitis can be uncomfortable but is usually manageable with proper care. Identifying the cause and following appropriate hygiene practices can help prevent its spread. Consultdoc provides expert support to guide you through diagnosis, management, and recovery, ensuring optimal eye health.

Dry Eye

What is Dry Eye?

Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. This can lead to discomfort, irritation, and vision disturbances. It is often a chronic issue that can significantly impact quality of life.

Causes of Dry Eye

1. Reduced Tear Production

• Aging, especially in women after menopause.

• Medical conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or thyroid disorders.

• Certain medications such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs.

2. Increased Tear Evaporation

• Inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis) or meibomian gland dysfunction.

• Environmental factors such as wind, smoke, or dry climates.

• Prolonged screen time without adequate blinking.

3. Imbalance in Tear Composition

• Insufficient production of any of the three layers of tears (oil, water, mucus).

• Meibomian gland dysfunction affecting the oil layer of the tear film.

Symptoms of Dry Eye

• A stinging, burning, or scratchy sensation in the eyes.

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia).

• Redness of the eyes.

• A feeling of having something in your eyes (foreign body sensation).

• Blurred vision or eye fatigue.

• Watery eyes as a response to irritation.

Risk Factors for Dry Eye

• Aging, particularly for individuals over 50.

• Hormonal changes in women due to pregnancy, menopause, or contraceptive use.

• Extended use of contact lenses.

• Frequent screen use without breaks.

• Environmental factors like air conditioning or windy settings.

Diagnosis of Dry Eye

• Comprehensive Eye Exam: Assesses overall eye health and tear production.

• Schirmer Test: Measures tear production using a special paper strip.

• Tear Osmolarity Test: Evaluates the composition and quality of tears.

• Meibography: Visualizes meibomian glands for any dysfunction.

Management and Treatment

1. At-Home Care

• Warm Compresses: Help open blocked meibomian glands.

• Frequent Blinking: Especially during prolonged screen use.

• Humidifier Use: Adds moisture to indoor air.

• Proper Hydration: Drink enough water to support tear production.

2. Lifestyle Adjustments

• Take regular breaks during screen time (20-20-20 rule).

• Wear wraparound sunglasses to protect against wind and sun.

• Avoid smoke and direct air blowing into eyes.

3. Dietary Support

• Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil or flaxseed oil can help improve tear quality.

• Antioxidants and vitamins A, C, and E support eye health.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

• Practice good eyelid hygiene.

• Limit screen time and follow proper ergonomics.

• Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.

Consultdoc provides expert care and advice for dry eye relief, including:

• Virtual Consultations: Professional assessment of symptoms and personalized treatment plans.

• Lifestyle and Nutritional Guidance: Recommendations for dietary changes and lifestyle adjustments.

• Referral Services: Assistance in connecting with eye specialists if needed.

Dry eye is a manageable condition with the right care and lifestyle adjustments. Understanding the causes and following preventive measures can significantly alleviate symptoms. Consultdoc offers comprehensive support for dry eye management, helping you maintain comfortable and healthy eyes.

Giant Cell Arteritis

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the medium and large arteries, particularly those in the head and neck. It can lead to serious complications such as vision loss if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Age: Most common in people over 50.

• Gender: More frequently affects women.

• Genetics: Family history can increase risk.

• Autoimmune Factors: Involves an abnormal immune response causing artery inflammation.

Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis

• Severe headaches, usually around the temples.

• Scalp tenderness, especially when combing hair.

• Jaw pain when chewing (jaw claudication).

• Vision problems: blurred vision, double vision, or sudden vision loss.

• Fatigue, fever, and unintentional weight loss.

Complications

• Vision Loss: Due to reduced blood flow to the optic nerve.

• Stroke: Rare but possible if larger arteries are involved.

• Aortic Aneurysm: Risk increases if the inflammation extends to the aorta.

Diagnosis

• Blood Tests: Elevated ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein).

• Temporal Artery Biopsy: Confirms inflammation of the artery walls.

• Imaging: Ultrasound or MRI to assess artery inflammation.

Management and Treatment

• Immediate Medical Attention: Early treatment prevents complications.

• Corticosteroids: High-dose steroids to reduce inflammation quickly.

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Healthy diet, regular exercise, and monitoring bone density due to long-term steroid use.

How Consultdoc Can Help

• Expert Consultations: Access to specialists for timely diagnosis.

• Medication Management: Guidance on corticosteroid use and side effect management.

• Monitoring and Follow-up: Support for ongoing care and prevention of complications.

Consultdoc provides expert support to manage giant cell arteritis effectively, ensuring early intervention and comprehensive care.

Glaucoma

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that cause damage to the optic nerve, often due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness if not diagnosed and treated early.

Types of Glaucoma

1. Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common form; progresses slowly with few early symptoms.

2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Sudden increase in IOP; a medical emergency.

3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage despite normal IOP levels.

4. Congenital Glaucoma: Present at birth due to abnormal eye development.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Increased IOP: Due to improper drainage of aqueous humor.

• Age: Risk increases after 40.

• Family History: Higher risk if relatives have glaucoma.

• Medical Conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, or myopia.

• Prolonged Steroid Use: Can elevate IOP.

Symptoms

• Open-Angle Glaucoma: Gradual loss of peripheral vision.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Severe headache, eye pain, nausea, blurred vision, halos around lights.

Diagnosis

• Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.

• Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve.

• Perimetry Test: Assesses peripheral vision.

• Gonioscopy: Examines drainage angle.

Management and Treatment

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular exercise, managing blood pressure, and a healthy diet.

• Regular Eye Exams: Essential for early detection.

• Protective Eyewear: Prevents trauma-related glaucoma.

How Consultdoc Can Help

• Virtual Consultations: Access to specialists for early diagnosis.

• Personalized Advice: Guidance on lifestyle changes to manage eye pressure.

• Referral Services: Assistance in connecting with ophthalmologists.

Consultdoc offers expert guidance and support to manage glaucoma effectively. Regular check-ups and timely intervention are key to preventing vision loss.

Red Eye

What is Red Eye?

Red eye is a common condition characterized by redness in the white part of the eye (sclera) due to inflamed or dilated blood vessels. It can result from various factors, ranging from minor irritations to more serious eye conditions.

Causes of Red Eye

• Infections: Conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial), blepharitis.

• Allergies: Pollen, pet dander, dust.

• Irritants: Smoke, chlorine, or prolonged screen time.

• Dry Eye: Insufficient tear production.

• Injury: Foreign objects, scratches, or trauma.

• Glaucoma: Sudden onset can cause redness and pain.

Symptoms Associated with Red Eye

• Itching or burning sensation.

• Watery or sticky discharge.

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia).

• Blurred vision in severe cases.

Diagnosis

• Eye Examination: Slit-lamp test for detailed inspection.

• Discharge Analysis: Determines bacterial or viral causes.

• Allergy Tests: If allergic conjunctivitis is suspected.

Management and Treatment

• Cold Compress: Reduces inflammation and soothes irritation.

• Artificial Tears: Lubricates and relieves dryness.

• Good Hygiene: Avoid touching or rubbing eyes.

• Protective Eyewear: Shields against irritants and injuries.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain proper contact lens hygiene.

• Use sunglasses to reduce exposure to UV rays.

• Take regular breaks during screen use.

How Consultdoc Can Help

• Symptom Assessment: Identify cause and severity of red eye.

• Expert Advice: Guidance on home remedies or need for in-person examination.

• Follow-Up Care: Monitor symptoms and recovery progress.

Consultdoc offers accessible support for managing red eye effectively, providing expert advice and guidance for both minor irritations and serious conditions

Stye

What is a Stye?

A stye (or hordeolum) is a red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid that can resemble a boil or pimple. It is caused by a bacterial infection of the oil glands or hair follicles at the base of the eyelashes.

Causes of a Stye

• Bacterial Infection: Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus bacteria.

• Poor Eyelid Hygiene: Infrequent cleaning of eyelids and lashes.

• Touching Eyes with Unclean Hands: Transfers bacteria to the eye area.

• Use of Expired Eye Makeup: Can introduce bacteria to the eyes.

Symptoms of a Stye

• A red, swollen, and painful lump on the eyelid.

• Tenderness and sensitivity to touch.

• Watery eyes and increased tear production.

• A yellow spot at the center of the lump (indicating pus).

• Sensation of something in the eye.

Risk Factors for Styes

• Poor eyelid hygiene and makeup removal habits.

• Blepharitis (chronic inflammation of the eyelid).

• Using contaminated eye makeup or contact lenses.

• Touching eyes with unwashed hands.

Management and Treatment

1. At-Home Care

• Warm Compress: Apply a warm, damp cloth to the affected eye for 10–15 minutes, 3–4 times a day to promote drainage.

• Avoid Squeezing: Do not attempt to pop the stye, as it can spread infection.

• Eyelid Hygiene: Gently cleanse eyelids with a mild, tear-free shampoo diluted in warm water.

2. Lifestyle Adjustments

• Replace old eye makeup and avoid wearing any until the stye heals.

• Wash hands regularly and avoid touching your eyes.

• Use clean towels and pillowcases to prevent bacterial spread.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain good eyelid hygiene and clean makeup tools.

• Avoid sharing towels, eye makeup, or contact lenses.

• Wash hands frequently to prevent bacterial transfer.

• Replace eye makeup every 3–6 months.

How Consultdoc Can Help with Stye Management

Consultdoc provides professional guidance for managing styes, including:

• Expert Advice: Get recommendations on home care and hygiene practices.

• Virtual Consultations: Receive personalized treatment plans and advice.

• Referral Services: Assistance in connecting with an eye specialist if necessary.

Styes are usually minor and resolve on their own with proper care. Maintaining good hygiene practices and following expert advice can prevent recurrence. Consultdoc offers reliable support to manage styes effectively and maintain eye health.

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

What is Subconjunctival Hemorrhage?

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a condition where small blood vessels break beneath the conjunctiva, the clear surface covering the white part of the eye (sclera). This leads to a bright red or dark patch appearing in the white of the eye. Despite its alarming appearance, it is usually harmless and does not affect vision.

Causes of Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

• Sudden Increases in Pressure: Coughing, sneezing, heavy lifting, or vomiting.

• Eye Trauma: Rubbing the eye vigorously or an injury.

• Medications: Blood thinners like aspirin or warfarin.

• Medical Conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, or bleeding disorders.

• Spontaneous: Sometimes occurs without a clear cause.

Symptoms

• Bright red or dark spot on the white of the eye.

• No pain or discharge.

• Normal vision.

Diagnosis

• Eye Examination: Usually diagnosed visually.

• Blood Pressure Check: To rule out hypertension.

• Blood Tests: If recurrent, to assess for bleeding disorders.

Treatment

• Typically, no treatment is required.

• Artificial Tears: To relieve any minor irritation.

• Avoid Blood Thinners: Temporarily pause if advised by a doctor.

• Time: Clears up on its own in about 1-2 weeks.

Prevention Tips

• Manage Blood Pressure: Regular checks and a healthy lifestyle.

• Eye Protection: Use goggles in hazardous environments.

• Avoid Straining: Careful when lifting heavy objects.

Consultdoc offers expert guidance and support to manage eye health effectively. If you experience recurrent hemorrhages or have concerns, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

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